Purpose of the flight and payload description

The objective of the flight was to obtain measurements of proton and helium low-energy spectra (100-260 Mev) present in cosmic rays at stratospheric altitudes. The flight was part of a program carried out at high and intermediate latitudes by the Department of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Maryland in a yearly attempt to clarify some of the modulation effects between 1965 -a period of minimum solar activity- through 1969 -a period of maximum solar activity-.

The detector consisted of a Geiger-tube hodoscope, a dE/dx scintillator, and a sandwich of lead and plastic scintillator plates, which formed a total energy calorimeter. The term hodoscope is derived from the Greek roots hodos, meaning path, and scopes, meaning to watch. Thus the term hodoscope is used in particle physics to describe any device (usually electronic) that determines and displays the trajectory of a charged particle.

An schematic diagram of the hodoscope identifying its major components can be seen in the figure at left (click to enlarge). The hodoscope, made up of Geiger tubes, defined the range and geometry of particles incident on the apparatus and detected nuclear interactions occurring in the lead. The tubes were arranged in five pairs of crossed trays to give a 90° stereo picture of each event. The dE/dx scintillator measured the rate of ionization loss of the incident particle.

The light output of the dE/dx scintillator and the combined output of the five calorimeter scintillators were each directed by edge mounted light pipes to a 1 1/2" RCA 6199 Photomultiplier tube. The amplitude of the photomultiplier signal was determined by a logarithmic pulse height analyzer, which had a channel width of 33% (8 channels covered a factor of 10). Two such analyzers were cascaded to cover a factor of 100 in pulse height.

The trays of 1.58-cm diameter Geiger tubes measured 15 by 15 cm, and the apparatus was 32 cm high. The absorber thickness was equivalent to 75 gm/cm2 of lead. Upon receipt of a trigger command, the state of each of the Geiger tubes and the two scintillator pulse heights were read out and recorded as an event. Each Geiger tube and each pulse height discriminator were connected to an associated binary circuit which were connected as a circular 144 bit shift register, then telemetered to a ground station and tape recorded for post-flight analysis by computer.

Details of the balloon flight

Balloon launched on: 7/31/1967 at 10:07 utc
Launch site: Fort Churchill Airport, Manitoba, Canada  
Balloon launched by: Raven Industries Inc.
Balloon manufacturer/size/composition: Zero Pressure Balloon  
Flight identification number: Raven Nº 1208
End of flight (L for landing time, W for last contact, otherwise termination time): 8/1/1967 at 00:46 utc
Balloon flight duration (F: time at float only, otherwise total flight time in d:days / h:hours or m:minutes - ): 15 h

External references

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